European factories stuck in ‘rut’ as German carmakers struggle; oil rises on drilling delay – business live | Business

James Dyson, one of the richest men in Britain, has described Labour’s budget as “spiteful” in its increases in inheritance tax.

In a column published by the Times, Dyson said the changes were a “single ignorant swipe at aspiration”, “killing off established family businesses, and any incentive to start new ones” by imposing 20% tax on businesses and farms worth more than £1m.

Those taxes would likely impact Dyson’s estate after he dies, as he is one of the largest landowners in Britain and is listed as the owner of Dyson Farming, the company that owns 36,000 acres of farmland (although his 900-word article does not refer to the inheritance tax bills that may be liable on his estate).

The core of Dyson’s argument is that family businesses make decisions that are better for the country, and that heirs should therefore not be taxed when they inherit assets. Dyson wrote:

Family businesses are an antidote to the short-termism which is the blight of the British economy and of which everyone complains. Family businesses are in the blood: a shared journey between the business and the family across the generations. Britain will sorely miss them.

The wealth of Dyson and his family was estimated this year at £20.8bn, according to the Sunday Times.

In Germany the manufacturing recession has been particularly marked – a major problem for the EU considering its massive size.

Carmakers in particular have reported difficulties, and the automotive industry’s troubles were also behind the fall in confidence from other businesses.

Among the most notable strugglers is Volkswagen, which has told worker representatives that it may close three German factories – the first ever closures in its home market.

S&P Global, which compiles the PMI surveys, said:

The respective rates of contraction remained sharp by historical standards, amid reports from panellists of headwinds to demand from economic and political uncertainty, high interest rates and troubles in the automotive sector.

European manufacturing’s downturn has lasted 28 months, according to today’s purchasing managers’ index (PMI).

The overall picture is of anb industry that is really struggling, with little sign of good news, according to economists.

Melanie Debono, senior Europe economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics, a consultancy, said there was “little to suggest the rut in industry is ending”.

Overall, the manufacturing PMI remains downbeat. It has underestimated growth in manufacturing in recent quarters so we doubt industrial production will have fallen as much as it suggests in Q4, but we look for a renewed fall in output nonetheless. By country, weakness is concentrated in Germany

Yet it is a continent in two halves, said from Boudewijn Driedonks, partner at McKinsey & Co, a consultancy. He said:

Europe’s manufacturing sector stands at a critical juncture, balancing newfound momentum in the south with deepening challenges in the north. Traditional powerhouses like France and Germany continue to experience declines, as northern Europe faces challenges to reclaim its competitive edge. Also, Italy is seeing output falling at a faster pace than in September.

Spain is structurally on a different outlook. It is in solid expansion territory and is bumping up the overall number with its healthy order book. Greece – the second country with a PMI above 50 – is hiring and expanding output, but at the same time, is seeing new orders declining.

A quick check-in on gilt markets: after a bit of turbulence last week following the UK budget, trading appears to have settled.

The yield on UK benchmark 10-year bonds (aka 10-year gilts) is at 4.48%, up from 4.45% on Friday. That suggests that some investors have sold UK government debt today, but a move of three basis points (0.03 percentage points) is not particularly notable in bond market terms. Yields move inversely to prices.

So for now – let’s see what happens tomorrow in the US elections – there does not appear to be any sign of the bond market turmoil that followed the 2022 “mini-budget” of Liz Truss and Kwasi Kwarteng.

But yields have certainly moved higher, reflecting higher borrowing from the UK government. More borrowing means more bond issuance, which generally makes prices fall.

That raises the question of what the Bank of England will do in response. Markets appear to be thinking the Bank will be slower to cut rates.

Andrew Wishart, senior UK economist at Berenberg, an investment bank, said:

It is customary for the BoE to brush off changes in fiscal policy, but it would have to be tone deaf to do that this time around. Monetary policymakers will surely have to take notice of the Office for Budget Responsibility explicitly raising its interest rate assumptions 25 basis points above market pricing to account for the likely market reaction to the change in the fiscal stance.

By raising the 10-year gilt yield from 4.32% at the pre-budget close to 4.46%, financial markets have done as they were told. It is time for the BoE to follow.

Berenberg now thinks that the Bank will make one cut less, ending up at 4.25% bank rate in the second quarter of 2025, instead of 4.0% in the third quarter.

Ryanair also had another pop at the UK government after chancellor Rachel Reeves announced increased air passenger duty at the budget last week.

Sorahan said that it was a “backward step” for the UK to raise taxes on air fares, which he said would hurt regional economies.

Reeves said that the tax increase was brought in because the levy had not increased in line with inflation. The duty is also partly aimed at taxing aviation’s carbon emissions, which have risen inexorably as carriers like Ryanair have grown. Ryanair is the biggest aviation carbon polluter in Europe, with emissions rivalling the largest coal plants.

Sorahan said:

The new government in the UK said they would stimulate growth, but they’re making it more expensive [to fly]. The government missed a huge opportunity in cost [going up].

I think it’ll have a big impact on the regions.

However, Sorahan acknowledged that the duty increase will only kick in in 2026, so it was not directly linked to Ryanair’s decision, announced last week, to cut UK flights by 10% next year.

Ryanair believes that airline fares are more likely to rise than to fall in the next two years.

Neil Sorahan, the Irish airline’s finance chief, said that “the decline in fares appears to be moderating”, and that they are planning for “slightly lower growth which lead into slightly higher pricing”.

Consumers have had less money to spend because of the rapid increase in interest rates, said Sorahan. But the bigger picture is of a European industry that has more demand for flights than it can satisfy, he told the Guardian. Part of that is the Boeing delays but also issues with Pratt & Whitney engines supplied to Airbus, he said:

Fundamentally capacity remains constrained across Europe for some time to come.

Fundamentally there’s more risk to fares going up than fares going down in the next year or two.

Ryanair’s share price is down by 2.4% today in Dublin, after the no-frills carrier said cut back growth expectations.

Neil Sorahan, Ryanair’s chief financial officer, said that Boeing’s delays to deliveries of new planes were holding it back. Boeing workers are voting on a new pay deal that – if they vote for it – would put an end to weeks of strike action. Speaking about the slower growth expectations, Sorahan said:

This is on the back of the ongoing Boeing delivery delays. We hope they’ll sort it out tonight.

I hope there is a normal to get back to. I’m hopeful the vote gets over the line tonight. Two big elections for me to watch this week.

But even if Boeing’s workers do accept the pay offer – the third to be put to a vote – it is “slow to turn back on” one of the most complex supply chains in the world, said Sorahan.

It will be “a few weeks, if not a few months” before Boeing disruption is sorted, said Sorahan, and Ryanair does not expect to receive any new planes before January or even February.

As to that other election, Ryanair does not fly to the US, but “I’m just hoping from a market perspective that there’s a strong decision one way or another,” Sorahan said.

Europe’s manufacturing production fell for the 19th month in a row in October, but with some tentative signs that the painful recession may be easing, according to the closely watched purchasing managers’ index (PMI).

The index rose slightly to 46 points in October, up from 45 in September, according to data company S&P Global. However, that was still well below the 50 mark that denotes growth in the sector.

European factories have been held back by the two heavyweights: France and Germany. France’s reading was a meagre 44.5, while Germany’s was even worse, at 43 – although that was an improvement from the dire state of the past few months.

Manufacturing in Europe has struggled for two years as exports have waned, demand has fallen, and supply chain problems have held back companies from taking advantage when demand is there.

The recession in German industry is particularly noteworthy, with the car industry under severe pressure from Chinese competitors and several chipmaking investments put on hold.

Cyrus de la Rubia, chief economist at Hamburg Commercial Bank, which sponsors the survey, said:

There is one bit of good news in these numbers: the recession in the manufacturing sector did not deepen further in October. Production dropped at a slower pace than in the previous month, and new orders fell less sharply.

It is not encouraging that inventory drawdowns for purchased materials continue at an unusually high pace. The Covid-19 crisis is still leaving its mark here. The ongoing reduction in inventories is obviously related to the fact that companies purchased and stockpiled materials and intermediate goods at an unprecedented scale in 2021 and 2022. Sluggish global demand gives companies no reason to restock, which in turn weighs on the economy.

Burberry is the biggest riser on the FTSE 350 this morning after a report that expensive puffer jacket brand Moncler is considering making a bid for the British fashion champion.

Shares in Burberry are up by 5% after industry blog Miss Tweed yesterday reported that “Moncler could be considering making a bid for London-listed Burberry to create an outdoor specialist giant”.

Among Burberry’s most famous products are its trench coats, so a takeover would make a combined company a formidable force in the £2,000-plus coat business.

Burberry could be vulnerable to a takeover as newly installed chief executive Joshua Schulman tries to turn its fortunes around amid limp demand for luxury items – and to return it to the FTSE 100.

The FTSE 100 in London is up by 0.4% in early trading on Monday. That’s the best of an underwhelming bunch across Europe – likely as everyone holds their breath ahead of Tuesday’s US election.

The FTSE 100 also tends to benefit from higher oil prices thanks to the weight of Shell and BP in the index.

Germany’s Dax is down 0.1%, while France’s Cac 40 has edged up.

Shares in Milan have fallen by 0.2%, while Spain’s Ibex is up by the same amount.

Hello, and welcome to our live coverage of business, economics and financial markets.

Oil prices have risen 2% after the Opec oil cartel and associate countries said they would delay an increase in output by a month, as they try to sustain prices despite relatively low demand.

The price of Brent crude oil futures, the North Sea benchmark, rose as high as $74.56, up more than a dollar as trading reopened after the weekend. The price of West Texas Intermediate, the North American counterpart, rose 2% to $70.88.

Oil prices have fallen during the second half of the year as some of the world’s largest economies have faltered, depressing demand. At the same time, while Israel’s war in Gaza against Hamas has also spread to the Hezbollah armed group in Lebanon, it has not so far threatened oil supplies directly. That has kept prices relatively low.

Some key members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (Opec) plus other large producers including Russia had planned to increase output, but on Sunday they said they would not go ahead with it. Reuters reported:

The December hike was due to be 180,000 bpd, a small part of the total 5.86m barrels per day of output Opec+ is holding back, equal to about 5.7% of global demand. Opec+ agreed those cuts in separate steps since 2022 to support the market.

Ryanair profits fall after summer fare cuts

Ryanair profits dropped by 18% to €1.8bn in the six months to the end of September, as the no-frills airline was forced to drop fares.

Fares fell by 7% over the summer, Ryanair said on Monday, although it added that downward pressure on prices appeared to be “moderating”. The airline disappointed investors over the summer with a profit warning as it was forced to cut fares.

Ryanair chief executive Michael O’Leary said the company had offered “more price stimulation than originally expected”, although that had resulted in improved market share.

Overall traffic rose by 9% in the six months compared with the same period last year.

O’Leary said:

Forward bookings suggest that third-quarter demand is strong and the decline in pricing appears to be moderating. We remain cautious on the third quarter’s average fare outlook, expecting them to be modestly lower than the third quarter prior year.

The airline also gave one of its regular digs at Boeing. The US planemaker, which supplies all Ryanair aircraft, has struggled with major delays, including an ongoing strike that has held back deliveries of its bestselling planes. Ryanair said that compensation for late deliveries did not make up for 5m in extra passengers it could have carried.

The agenda

• 8:50am GMT: France HCOB manufacturing purchasing managers’ index (PMI) (October; previous: 44.6 points; consensus: 44.5)

• 8:55am GMT: Germany HCOB manufacturing PMI (October; previous: 40.6 points; consensus: 42.6)

• 9am GMT: Eurozone HCOB manufacturing PMI (October; previous: 45 points; consensus: 45.9)